Publishing Ethics

Any research involving human participants or animals must comply with applicable national and international ethical and legal standards. Studies involving human participants must be approved by the author’s institutional review board, ethics committee, or a competent ethics committee (e.g., Declaration of Helsinki). The manuscript must include the name of the committee, approval number, and details of the obtained.

Written consent from participants is required for the publication of any identifying data, with parental consent necessary for minors. Consent to participate must be obtained prior to the research, except in cases of explicit waiver granted by the ethics committee.

Research involving regulated animals must also adhere to national and international guidelines on animal welfare and be approved by an ethics committee.